Menguasai Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris: Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contohnya
Mempelajari bahasa asing, terutama Bahasa Inggris, bisa menjadi tantangan yang menarik namun juga kompleks. Salah satu aspek yang penting untuk dikuasai adalah tenses atau tata bahasa yang menunjukkan waktu dalam bahasa tersebut. Dalam artikel ini, kami akan merangkum 16 tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris beserta pengertian, rumus, dan contoh kalimatnya.
Pengertian Tenses
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa, baik itu masa sekarang, masa lampau, atau masa depan. Dengan memahami tenses, Anda dapat menyampaikan informasi waktu dengan tepat dalam berbicara dan menulis.
Present Tenses
1. Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu sekarang secara sederhana.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + be (am, is, are) + ANA
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) My father goes to the office.
(-) My father does not go to the office.
(?) Does your father go to the office?
2. Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
(?) Be + S + V-ing + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + be (am, is, are) + ANA
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) I am studying grammar.
(-) I am not studying grammar.
(?) Are you studying grammar?
3. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh sampai sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
(?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non verb + O
(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non verb + O
(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb + O
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) I have finished my work.
(-) I have not finished my work.
(?) Have I finished my work?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + Been + V-ing + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + Been + V-ing + O
(?) Have/Has + S + Been + V-ing + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Have/Has + Been + ANA
(-) S + Have/Has + not + Been + ANA
(?) Have/Has + S + Been + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) I have been studying for 3 hours.
(-) I have not been studying for 3 hours.
(?) Have I been studying for 3 hours?
Past Tenses
5. Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau dan sudah selesai.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + V2 + O + ANA
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) The doctor went to the hospital yesterday.
(-) The doctor did not go to the hospital yesterday.
(?) Did the doctor go to the hospital yesterday?
6. Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lampau.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + V-ing + O
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + not + V-ing + O
(?) to be 2 (was/were) + S + V-ing + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 + not + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) He was studying grammar yesterday.
(-) He was not studying grammar yesterday.
(?) Was he studying grammar yesterday?
7. Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh sampai masa lampau berikutnya.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Had + V3 + O
(-) S + Had + not + V3 + O
(?) Had + S + V3 + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Had + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + Had + not + Been + O + ANA
(?) Had + S + Been + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) She had helped her mother after she played a game.
(-) She had not helped her mother after she played a game.
(?) Had she helped her mother after she played a game?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai masa lampau tertentu.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Had + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Had + not + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Had + S + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Had + not + Been + Being + O + ANA
(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) She had been studying for a while when you came here.
(-) She had not been studying for a while when you came here.
(?) Had she been studying for a while when you came here?
Future Tenses
9. Simple Future Tense
Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Be + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Be + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) I will make a cake tomorrow.
(-) I will not make a cake tomorrow.
(?) Will you make a cake tomorrow?
10. Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa depan.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Be + Being + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Be + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) I will be studying grammar at 8:00 am.
(-) I will not be studying grammar at 8:00 am.
(?) Will you be studying grammar at 8:00 am?
11. Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah selesai di masa depan.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + V3 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) We will have arrived in school by 10:00 am.
(-) We will not have arrived in school by 10:00 am.
(?) Will we have arrived in school by 10:00 am?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di masa depan.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) She will have been studying for 5 hours by the time you arrive.
(-) She will not have been studying for 5 hours by the time you arrive.
(?) Will she have been studying for 5 hours by the time you arrive?
Past Future Tenses
13. Simple Past Future Tense
Simple Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan terjadi di waktu lampau secara berulang-ulang atau sudah menjadi kebiasaan.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Be + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) They would go home soon.
(-) They would not go home soon.
(?) Would they go home soon?
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Be + Being + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) My mother would be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(-) My mother would not be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(?) Would my mother be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning?
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah selesai di waktu lampau atau pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya tidak akan terpenuhi.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Have + Been + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) She wouldn't have come here if she hadn't called him.
(-) She wouldn't have come here if she hadn't called him.
(?) Would she have come here if she hadn't called him?
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + not + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat:
(+) My boyfriend would not have been giving flowers at this hour yesterday morning.
(-) My boyfriend would not have been giving flowers at this hour yesterday morning.
(?) Would my boyfriend have been giving flowers at this hour yesterday morning?
Demikianlah pembahasan mengenai 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris beserta pengertian, rumus, dan contoh kalimatnya. Dengan memahami setiap tenses ini, Anda akan dapat lebih mahir dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris dalam berbagai situasi. Untuk memperdalam pemahaman, praktikkan dengan membuat kalimat sendiri menggunakan berbagai tenses ini dalam percakapan sehari-hari maupun tulisan. Jangan lupa juga untuk selalu berlatih mendengarkan, membaca, dan berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris untuk memperkaya kosakata dan keterampilan bahasa Anda. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai pembelajaran bahasa Inggris, Anda dapat mengunjungi situs web Celah Cahaya School di https://www.celahcahaya.sch.id/.
Semoga artikel ini bermanfaat dalam memahami tenses dalam bahasa Inggris!